It would be hard to teach something to someone if he/she is not really interested into it, so basically before we can fully teach someone especially kids about bitcoin we should give him/her example of what and how can bitcoin influence you as a person in that way maybe a kid will have interest in learning bitcoin
In this world where money is literally the answer to everything, simply telling your kid that bitcoin will make him rich if he do it right will make him interested. Once he is actually making money from it, he will even be more inspired to continue. But I wouldn't really recommend that. What I recommend is that you try to persuade him by telling him that bitcoin knowledge will save him from poverty. With the knowledge of bitcoin and a strong foundation of understanding the economy (both macro and micro), there's really a low chance for your kid to become a society's follower and live a mediocre life.
Once your kid understood bitcoin and he knows the economy as well, he wouldn't be like those regular day job workers or office workers that have to work their whole life just to be able to pay for a house completely. He can be a business owner himself because he understood how the economy works or have an awesome job because he would know where to apply and what position.
tl;dr: Bitcoin also teaches about economy and that can save your kid from poverty. Tell him that and he will be interested. No one wants to stay poor.