This would apply to most totalitarian states, not just Argentina:
Would the bitcoins to be bought wits pesos not effectively have to be mined IN Argentina? I know there's no physical requirement, but also most people outside of Argentina would have no use for the pesos, so the pesos price of btc would be quite high outside the country, leading to an opportunity for a local miner.
Can argentinians exchange pesos for dollars and send the dollars to Mtgox?
Yeah, this seems to be the key issue that will hit any country that does not have BTC in the wild when TSHTF. Greece, etc will probably also have this issue. But BTC could trickle in for payment of IT services... especially since the event might make the labor rates very attractive in the global market.