What is the difference Activity vs Post?
Everyone knows what post is, and you can do it how frequently you want to.
So your main question seems to be how does activity level get counted in relationship to posts.
You can earn a maximum of 14 activity points per each 2 week activity period based on your post number, and you have to have at least one post per activity period to earn up to 14 activity points per activity period. If you average at least 14 posts per activity period, then you will earn the maximum 14 activity points per each 14 day activity period.
The OP of this thread already has some further description of activity level, and below is a link to a whole other thread discussing activity level calculations.
https://bt.irlbtc.com/view/582736.0