Basics
A program called PaperBack(Win32 at this time, Open Source'd) allows a user to encrypt and  print a paper copy of a file, to restore the file you scan or provide a image of the printed paper and it dumps out the file

How to use with you wallet.dat
1) Download PaperBack from the location provided before
2) Open PaperBack
3) Open Options and select the options you wish to have (For more info, read the page provided above)
4) Drag and drop the file (wallet.dat) into the window for printing
4.5)File -> Save to bitmap, It will ask you what file to encode, and then where to save the bitmap

Restoring your Wallet.dat
1)Scan or provide the bitmap of the backup
2)Wait for processing
3)Save wallet.dat

Example
(Due to me not having a printer, I had to kinda fake it)
Here is the first Image: http://imgur.com/8b7nz
Its a empty wallet.dat with Encryption on (AES-256), standard options past that
Here is the damaged copy, Opened in GIMP saved as a JPEG at 4% Compression, then converted back into a Bitmap
http://imgur.com/nKKLO

ECC had to correct 56bytes of bad data.. once decoded the md5 hashes where the same!

Here is a screenshot asking for the password (The password is "bitcoin")
http://imgur.com/OEj6G

Extras

Found this while googling around,

http://ronja.twibright.com/optar/ Its GPL'd and seems to be better for data storage and recovery, but I hear its harder to use