Even with trillions of addresses, there would still be no collision. 2^256 is a very big number, almost as all the atoms in the visible universe.
I agree, that collision is (almost) impossible, but
this could be used to create panic between those who do not understand bitcoin very well.
I think this could potentially be very serious (a social "attack" to ruin bitcoin's reputation?), and should be looked into further.
There will be (at least) hundreds of bitcoin users, who will think that their "newly created address" already contains BTC (as I thought at first), and if they are not familiar with bitcoin, they may very well decide it must be an address collision (suspicious fact - the first "answers" to my question "what happened?" were exactly that - "collision!"; luckily I myself know about bitcoin too much, to believe that that was the case, but many others could be easily convinced that it was collision).
I said there will be hundreds (of bitcoin users affected), only judging from this one transaction that I know of. In reality, there may have been hundreds of such transactions, ant the number of such users could be tens of thousands.
Let's toss a number of stars out there per galaxy. 1 trillion. 10^12 (Galaxies range from 10^7 - 10^14) 1,000,000,000
Let's almost halve the number of galaxies in the observable universe and call it a nice round 100 billion or 10^11 100,000,000
That gives us 10^23 stars in the universe.
2^256 always sounded confusing to me. Let's round it down to a nice even 10^77 power.
If you generated as many bitcoin addresses as all the stars in the universe (so the 1 trillion times 100 billion)
Then Sha hashes number of stars in the universe equals
Your chances of collision are then 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Give or take a few zeroes because I'm not trying too hard here.
So... no, it's not going to happen.
If EVERY single person on this planet (round up to 10 billion just for fun) also generated 10^23 addresses...
The chance of ONE person generating a collision increases all the way to 1 in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Get the point?