There's
product life cycle, which is supposed to cover the stages of a life cycle of any product: introduction, growth, maturity, decline. It's actually based on interpretation of human life cycle, and it's vague enough that it can be applied, but that doesn't mean that it's useful for any product. For example, what's the life cycle of a wheel? It was invented, its usage continued to grow, I suppose it's been at the maturity stage for a while (or is it still growth because new types of wheels continue to appear?), but will it ever decline? It's a matter of interpretation, and it is an extreme case of something that proved to be particularly useful, but I'm just trying to show that it's not that simple and not that universal.
I believe the market life cycle phases are based on the product life cycle, and note that when I google 'four phases of a market life cycle', all results on the first page are from the product life cycle, so I'm not even sure how common is it to use the phases outlined in the article.
If we suppose that Bitcoin can go through the cycle for many times (and it seems to me that this is what the article indicates), we're probably at the accumulation phase. If it's a one-time thing, I'd say the second one.