Totally depends but speaking about institutional investors and corporation or with some individual billionaires then its been answered on the next comment or post next to this post on which majority of them would really be just storing it on exchangers which we know that its never been that recommendable on doing so but the fact that they are here just for the sake of profit then storing it up on exchangers would be the fastest way on executing some sell on the time that they would really be tending to scalp out some profits on their investment rather than on actively be transferring it out into their hardware or non custodial wallet
but of course not all would really be that so dumb on doing such action yet we know on whats the risks on storing up your assets on centralized platforms.

Whatever the things that they've been doing then its their choice and its impossible that they arent really that aware of the risks considering that these fellas are already that veteran on investment
world and with those security issues and concerns should really be that darn pretty basic for them and they are surely aware of that.

You can count the Coinex hack too, because they also lost their funds because the keys were gone. But it was their own fault, even though they were storing the funds of the customers in a non-custodial wallet, meaning in a wallet where keys were owned by them, and they still lost the funds. Which means, custodial or non-custodial, it does not matter if you are being too lazy and unprotective of the keys.

Many companies use hot wallets for trading, sending, and receiving purposes. In simple words, they store those BTC in hot wallets that are to be used in the future, while the ones they plan to hold are placed in cold wallets. They will definitely be using other security layers like multi-signatures, 2FA, and isolated hardware wallets.

Many will say the secure way is to remain offline as much as you can, and for that, keep your keys stored on paper and not write them on online storage, where they would be vulnerable to hacks. But another will say to keep the paper comprised of keys, some of which are saved, so that no one can get access to them. And also keep them safe from natural disasters or wars.

Firstly, for all institutional investors with huge investment decision investing in Bitcoin needed decentralized exchange for storing or purchasing bitcoin before sending to personal wallet if want hold there or keep hold in decentralize exchange market account. I think not problem for huge investor exactly institutional investors hold their assets in trusted decentralize exchange such as Binance will get guarantee their account secure, but hardware wallet could be the best option place more comfortable secure bitcoin assets.
As institutional investors have planning with long term holding I think put Bitcoin assets in hardware wallet more secure than decentralized exchange such as Binance, Huobi and Kucoin have good trusted reputation but depend not our key is not our coins when have third party controlling with our bitcoin assets.

You're right, I've read all the answers and no one knows what methods institutions store their bitcoins with, it's all just guesswork. Some people say that large institutions store bitcoins on exchanges but ultimately they think that storing bitcoins on hardware wallets is safer. If we know using hardware wallets is safer, why don't large organizations know about it? Are they stupider than us? OP, use the most common methods, the problem is still you, not your wallet.

I don't know where large investors and institutions store their crypto assets, but as you said if they store on centralized exchanges, then it proves that centralized exchanges are safe. Right? That's contrary to what we discuss every day on forums, which is that centralized exchanges are not trustworthy because we don't own our private keys. But on the other hand, I don't think that large institutions will be unaware of the risks of centralized exchanges, they are veteran investors in the financial markets, they know everything.

So the question is, are centralized exchanges really that risky? FTX and Mt.gox collapsed but Coinbase was founded in 2012 and exists to this day.

it's not important to know how they save their Bitcoin, because even if you know it, it doesn't affect anything in your life or the value of your asset if used the same way with them. Maybe it will increase your doubt to keep hold of your asset if you know they saved it in exchange and felt they were on guard if the market does not meet their expectations. So, if I were you, I would believe in myself, and not use the wrong way the same with the institutional. Because they have a business target, and must take action immediately to sell their asset if the market crashes suddenly. So if they keep their asset on a non-custody wallet, or with the multi-signature way which is quite complicated to take action

Indeed, if you feel comfortable using your own method, you can do it, but if we want to follow the company's method to make it even better, there is no problem as long as we are able to carry it out and determine the choice of the best thing that we know is ourselves. This can be better than someone who doesn't have a stance, so he doesn't know where he's going and just follows other people's path.

I suppose they can afford secure storage for seed phrases, they can use storage facilities of fiat banks, also, some can use secure data storing servers... There are many options which can be used for storing wallet data, even if there are thousands of cryptowallets. They can simply store data in a way they store digital fiat money and cash.

Others have already mentioned a few ways to securely store your bitcoin. Use the search function, and you'll also find plenty of other similar threads with similar concerns. You'll be able to read further replies and perhaps something that may suit your needs better. Anyway, I've simply resorted to using the Electrum wallet, stored on my second HDD, with a different system installation that I'm not using. I'm also planning to install Linux and replace the previous Windows 10 operating system. Otherwise, you can spend approximately $70 and buy a hardware wallet; it's not an extravagant amount of money for the safety of your funds. Although I sometimes believe that an Electrum installation is enough, providing that you don't download anything from unknown sources, such as torrents, and be infected by malware,