Given the difficulty level, and low sophistication of the code, would it have been possible to mine Bitcoin with a cellphone in 2009? Is it possible to fork the blockchain, and make a new version of bitcoin and the bitcoin software that can be mined on a cellphone again? Or at least a low grade CPU?
Nope, at least not in my country as far as I know. Aside the other factors, we can pick out how slow our cellular networks was back then in 2009. And it wasn't like there were a lot of alternatives. Mining required that the miner had very fast internet to be able to link up with the bitcoin network and share its mining data. Therefore, both the type of phones which are not as sophisticated as they are now, and cellular network made it impossible to mine bitcoin then.
But we also have to consider the fact that the Bitcoin network wasn't massive then compare to now. The difficulty level wasn't too complex, meaning linking up with the Bitcoin network then didn't require much power and and internet connection, which I think the modern day device can compete well.
Yup, in 2009 you could have developed a mining software that could be run on about any recent device (albeit, at that time, smartphones were still really new, but you might have had a couple android phones that could have mined over wifi). Offcourse, you would also had to have developed all other infrastructure... Port bitcoin core for android, patch it so you could use a seperate mining software,...
The modern day device are quite advanced and have made so many upgrades. with the upgrade in internet connections, RAM, ROM, battery life, clock speed and others. So practically, it would have been possible for smart phones to compete. But there must be prons and cons attached.