No fee rules can enforce it. Even if you change consensus rules to enforce fees (which I think is a bad idea, because why miners shouldn't be able to pay zero fees, if they are going to collect those fees in the coinbase transaction anyway?), then still: it is possible to make an artificial traffic, only to meet your rules, and this is probably not what you want. Say, a transaction X would be forced to pay 0.01 BTC. Then, transaction X could pay that, but the miner could send 0.01 BTC back to the user, just to override some stupid fee policy.
why would a bitcoin miner send fees back to someone? if they could do it under my system then they could do it right now. so i'm not convinced that miner collusion would be an issue. how many bitcoin users sending bitcoin are in touch with a bitcoin miner and have a way to convince them to refund their transaction fee? even if they did refund it, the miner lost out on that revenue. a miner is free to use their revenue however they like. if they wanted to they could refund all the transaction fees and even distribute their block reward back to all the transactions in the block. in practice that never happens.
So, to sum up: you can enforce your own fee policy. But you cannot expect, that everyone will be forced by consensus rules to follow it.
what bitcoin miners do with the transaction fees they collect is up to them. but you can certainly enforce a fee structure onto bitcoin transactions. and make it part of the consensus rules. which nodes would then follow. and any blocks would be checked to make sure each transaction adhered to the fee policy otherwise it is an invalid block.
int(total_value/100)+1
Then, it will hurt you in the long-term scenario, where you will send a single satoshi, and pay a single satoshi as your fee. Which means: you will be forced to pay 100% fees in that case.
well below a certain number of satoshis, it is infeasible to send that amount of bitcoin no matter what fee structure you are using. even someone right now trying to send just $10 which is about 17,000 satoshis is going to pay $2 or $3 transaction fee. 20% or 30%. even under my system of something like a 1% fee, they will probably never get their transaction put into a block because the fee is just too low.
Make it 0.1% and you might have takers, at 1% it will make everyone with more money flee the system, at $10 000 you're going to tax them $100 , and banks become way cheaper this time!
to send $10,000 using a bankwire could cost close to $100 when all is said and done. The sender has to pay maybe $25. Receiver bank charges the receiver say $15. There could be an intermediary bank or two who charge $15 or $20. Is it really that much cheaper? Plus, you have to KYC and maybe have a report filled out on you. To me, paying $100 to send $10,000 using bitcoin is not unreasonable. Just like paying $1 to send $100 is not unreasonable.
The 1% was just thrown out there. I have no idea what the best percentage would be although 0.1% seems too low to me.
Anyhow, no chance it will be done!
Think of it like paying taxes. Generally speaking, taxes are based on a percentage of someone's total income. All forms of taxes are a percentage of a value of something. People with more pay more. That's a fundamentally sound principle. What I think might be a bit unfair is how people in higher tax brackets are taxed at a higher percentage. But that's a debate for another day maybe.
Someone else mentioned how people with "small" transactions might feel the pinch and yes that's true but bitcoin is not necessarily for the small guy anymore. They just to learn to adapt and arrange their transactions in the most efficient ways. Or use something else. Even right now, I'm not sure bitcoin is really so feasible for sending under $100 worth of value. In the future expect that to be $1000 or maybe more. We can't really control that though. All we can control is a minimum fee.
Maybe this thread belongs in the mining section because I'm sure bitcoin miners would certainly be in favor of higher fees and thus my proposal!

What does coinbase charge to sell or buy bitcoin? 0.3%. people don't complain about that. They shouldn't be complaining about a 1% transaction fee on the blockchain either. In my opinion.