So I've been doing a lot of reading on bitcoin privacy a lot lately, and I've got a question. I'm not sure if this is the right board for this, but I feel it is.
Read less and learn by practice. Download a wallet, buy bitcoin and start practicing what you are asking. That is the easiest way to learn.
So let's assume an address has been made public and everybody knows who that address belongs to, can the owner decide to change that address and move his coins to another address without it showing on the bitcoin blockchain?
I mean can the wallet simply change the address at the request of the owner with verification like the seed phase, of course? Then on the blockchain the new address will not show where the bitcoin came from and the old wallet will just show $0 balance without showing where the coins where sent to?
"Changing the address and moving the coin to another address". The bitcoin is in the bitcoin network and displayed or shown in your wallet. So, bitcoin is not stored in the address. The address is just a means of transportation of bitcoin.
For your question, the Blockchain is transparent. If you want additional security, you make additional efforts for that.