Read ,learn, tryout, and more reading.

If it’s just about investing then you don’t need to know too much deep technical like the coding  aspect..

You can get almost all you need  from  here : learnmeabitcoin ..

Beyond, you can get others like Tutorials/ Guides and other infos.. from the forum, just make use of the forum search:
https://bt.irlbtc.com/view/5276341.0
This should do.

By searching it up or asking questions about them.
I recall when I usually visit the technical and development board and see things like UTXO, segwit and the likes
I will be like "Why can't they use simpler languages " but as time goes on it gets easier
Just be open to learn. We learn everyday.

This website thought me and answered every question I was asking about bitcoin the most interesting part of it is that the chapters are very explicit and interactive Infact as you move on you’ll realize it’s asking the questions coming to your mind and equally answering them. That’s why i highly recommend it to everyone tey to understand bitcoin and it’s cryptography.
https://learnmeabitcoin.com

This is also a chapter that explains the blocks to a complete beginner
https://learnmeabitcoin.com/beginners/guide/blocks/

What do you mean by "very easily"?

You may be lucky and a bright mind to understand the intricate technical details with ease. But if you mean with "very easily" to not have to put much effort in learning, it's not likely to be that way.

Why "short time", are you in a hurry?

Despite e.g. learnmeabitcoin.com which I very much like and frequently visit to refresh my knowledge or lean into new stuff about bitcoin, I can also recommend "Mastering Bitcoin" from the book lists of links that others already mentioned. I stopped counting how many times I've read certain parts of that book, depending on what knowledge I had to brush up.

I would also recommend to re-visit the Bitcoin whitepaper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System from time to time.

When you don't know much about Bitcoin, it's not easy to understand why certain things are done how they are done. Some cryptography knowledge helps a lot. What makes it less easy to grasp is the premise to do Bitcoin decentralized, trustless and that it simply works. A lot of thinking had to be mastered to achieve this. Kudos again to Satoshi Nakamoto to bring it to life.

Regarding Bitcoin blocks, I can only give you some brief details because I'm too lazy to rewrite parts of the whitepaper or what other learning resources do much better than me.
There's the data structure of the blockchain. Blocks are "chained" together because the newest valid block references the prior block's header hash (hash is kind of a cryptographic identifier; I don't go into any details here) making it computationally hard to replace prior blocks by malice.

Those blocks contain Bitcoin transactions which are confirmed by a miner into a valid block. There are rules that have to be fulfilled to make a block valid. To "mine" a block a miner has to perform PoW (proof of work) because the miner has to find a block header hash that fulfills required difficulty of computational hash work. This can't be faked, that's the beauty of it.

Take your path to learn Bitcoin humbly, but there's no easy fast way to be honest.

Oh and should you abandon your topic, let me ask you: why did you post your question at all? Not accusing you of abandoning it, just saying. You wouldn't be the first or last to post a topic and never come back to interact or reply in it. And your question has been asked a countless time in the past.  

The word quickly will just confuse you on many thing, because there's nothing like that exist. To learn Bitcoin you need to deal with its technicalities and you may learn this in hard way especially that there are many things to consider and need to look at especially if you are eager to learn lot of things on Bitcoin.

Just be consistent reading lots of good articles and also join technical discussions and provably you can learn those things you want to learn and focus about Bitcoin.

You can also search those things you want to know about Bitcoin since there's provably valuable results will came out which can help to ease out your confusions.

So consider this, there's no fast way to learn Bitcoin and just focus then be consistent since you provably had great chance to hit your target.

Studying the technical aspects of Bitcoin is not an easy thing, in fact for most people who are familiar with Bitcoin, perhaps they only understand the surface, while not many people can understand the technical aspects.

But if you want to learn it, maybe you can study it slowly first, and ask questions about things that you might find difficult to understand. Over time you should be able to start to understand concepts that initially felt foreign to you.

It's not easy, especially if you don't have a basic understanding of computer science, but there should be a lot of beginner-friendly material, so it will make things easier for people like you.

At this point I can only assume you are trolling.  It takes less time to search 'Bitcoin Block' on any search engine and find a detailed answer than it took you to write this Topic.

There is no cheating the learning curve of the technical aspects of Bitcoin.  Learn it at your own pace if you want the best results.  Otherwise you will quickly find yourself falling for basic mistakes because you learned about Bitcoin in 2 days and think you know every thing now.  If you want to learn how things work, open up any Wallet and ask the Internet for answers for any thing you see that you do not understand.  Start from there and look things up.  Practice makes perfect they say.

OP, it is good that you have made up your mind to learn more about the technical aspect of Bitcoin. Although I have no idea how fast you can grasp that aspect of bitcoin technicalities, I think you should know that this area of bitcoin technicalities is very broad, and it takes much effort and devotion to make sure you get along with it. Since you have made up your mind, you can constantly visit the meta board and the technical board. There you will see more technical-related activities where you can learn. You can also get materials there from reputable members who could be of help to you to help further your learning in the technical aspect of Bitcoin here on this platform. All I can advise you is to remain focused and consistent in your course.

You must be one hell of a genius to hope that you could grasp the technical aspect of Bitcoin at a go.

I don’t want to sound any discouraging but, a lot of persons spend years on the forum and out here only to grasp just the basics about Bitcoin technical discussions. Obviously, it’s something you could learn but you would be open to giving it the time it needs. Learning is a continues process and so, you would apply patience here, reading about it in books and participating in discussions on the technical board so you make an everyday thing out of it for yourself.

That way, you would learn at a good pace.