How can the same asset help someone escape poverty while someone else loses a fortune?
It's unfair to have this type of argument specifically only telling about that it's Bitcoin's doing to make someone fortunate wealthy while the others losses their wealth.
In every asset and market, there's always the losers and the gainers. And this description has been weaponized by the bitcoin haters that whenever someone profits, there's someone that losses.
That's the zero-sum game, that's the core idea and basic economics that we are a part of.
I think this argument also applies to any kind of investment and business- it's all about managing your risk as part of your strategy in order to maximize your winnings.
Just like any other investment, it can go both ways- you either be part of that successful number of people; or you can be part of the majority where failure is nothing but part of the process of being successful.
The argument that OP posits that crypto can make or break you is arguably correct but it will all depend on how you would manage your resources. If your aim is for long-term investment, I doubt that it can make you poor in a short amount of time. However, if you play with your cryptocurrencies via trading, then there is a huge chance of losing everything in the process.