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This thread is to host a community-built FAQ for Monero [XMR].

Post questions and answers in new replies and we'll edit them into the FAQ.

Controversial changes will be held back in a separate controversial section until there is reasonable consensus.

Resources
CryptoNote whitepaper CryptoNote whitepaper (annotated) CryptoNote whitepaper review
CryptoNote offical site Monero official site
Monero ANN-thread
Monero Twitter Monero Facebook Monero Google+

Monero FAQ (collaborative draft)

Official software, wallets, etc.
Where is the official Monero thread?

Installing Monero
What are the minimum requirements for a computer to run the wallet?
How do I use Monero with 32-bit Windows?
What are the best installation instructions to use, where do I get more information, etc.?
Why is Monero not user friendly like most other cryptocurrencies? Why is there no official GUI wallet?
Where is the GUI wallet ?
Do I have to run a full node to keep a personal/offline wallet?

Using Monero
Can I have multiple Monero addresses in my local node?
How do I use the view key?
How do I generate a new wallet address for a transaction, like in Bitcoin?
How long does it take to send a transaction?
I've heard that mixins can be unmasked if outputs are spent with mixin=0. Is this true?
Why are some of my coins locked? Why does it takes so long to unlock them?
How do I check my simplewallet log file?
What is openalias? How does it work?
Is there a webwallet for Monero? What is MyMonero?
How to use a remote node?

Protecting my moneroj
How do I set up a paper wallet/cold storage?
How to backup my wallet?
I can't access my wallet! Help!
How do I change my wallet password/name?
Can someone peer into my account without my consent?
Isn't the mnemonic seed and the inability to change the words security holes?
Any strategy for protecting my moneroj?

Troubleshooting
When trying to send coins I get an error stating that transaction is too large.
I can't send XMR because simplewallet or bitmonerod reports something like 'failed to send..." How do I solve this?
I have a "what=invalid signature", "Failed to init config" or "Failed to initialize p2p server" error
Monero blockchain uses too much RAM, is filling up my hard drive, etc. What's up with all the bloat?

Development team
Who are the official core team members?
Monero dev team seems to be too sluggish, does not?
How can I help/donate/contribute?
What is MEW?
Are the devs paid?

Exchanges
What on earth are these 'PaymentIDs' I keep hearing about?
I have send to an exchange without using the payment id? What do I do now?

Price speculation
Dedicated thread: Monero speculation
Why is the price going up?
Why is the price going down?
Will the price go back up?

Mining/Pools
Can I mine directly to my exchange address, or do I need to setup a local wallet?
Anything to do with pools ; Connectivity, payouts etc.
I'm mining with 'x' hashes/second. How much can I mine per day?

Others
Was Monero pre-mined?
Is Monero illegal?
Can the cryptography behind Monero be broken?
Can we get some charts, stats and indicators? Emission curve, hashrate, difficulty, coins in circulation...
Why the developers made integration with i2p? Isn't it damn slow?
I don't understand the RPC API, where can I get more information about it?
Is Monero double-spent proof?
Why Monero matters?/Prove me that Monero is not yet-another-shitcoin
What is the plural form of Monero?
How does "anonymity" work?
What are the differences between CryptoNight and CryptoNote?
Why is a private currency important?
How can Monero be both anonymous and transparent at the same time?
Do you plan to implement multisignature?

Glossary (terms, vocabulary, terminology...)

-updated by Quanttek