Someone please explain to me how and what it means for a block to get orphaned.
Thanks,
Tom
An oprhaned block is a block that wasn't actually accepted into the blockchain.
It usually is caused by the longer chain accepting the block because more work and effort was put forth compared to your block.
An orphan block is a block that doesn't have a known parent in the longest chain.
Not to be confused with a stale block, which is a well-formed block which is no longer part of the difficultywise-longest well-formed blockchain.
The block reward in a staled block is no longer spendable on the difficultywise-longest well-formed blockchain; therefore whoever mined that block does not actually get the reward (or the transaction fees). This phenomenon must be taken into account by mining pools that use any payout strategy other than "proportional".