Languages suitable for large financial services:
[ ] PHP
You forgot COBOL.
Seriously, the choice of programming language is not important. If you write in a language you know well, and you know how to debug, there is less risk of introducing unintended functionality or side effects. Also known as bugs. I use perl for my financial services, handling large amounts of bitcoin and fiat. It is not on your list, but it is well suited for me because I know it well.
A large number of attacks exploit a weakness at a different layer, and to a large extent the higher level code rests on these layers. For my part, the language of choice for implementation of applications level tools is very secondary to many other system design details, and many of these are not even computer related.
The exception in my mind would be Java. It is a huge and complex system. I've known some extremely competent and productive programmers who work with Java. The unifying feature is that they all seem to throw caution to the wind when it comes to SCM and just trust that someone else is doing due diligence. Or more usually don't even think about it...and most coders are dimly aware at best of threat models that can impact security.
