Restrict mining and any trading to people who have verified their identity and credentials with a central authority.
We all love the idea of decentralized this, anonymous that... and you know what? we've seen just how flawed the idea of that is. You have hackers and scammers coming out of the woodwork because of the open, anonymous, accountability free nature of bitcoin.
That is the downfall of bitcoin. By leaving it wide open, you encourage criminals and little kids to swarm to it and try to steal and cheat any way they can imagine with no repercussions.
OH, you're not 18? bitcoin isn't for you. Oh, you can't verify your identity... bitcoin isn't for you.
There you go.
But that's not going to happen. At this point, making such changes would be like trying to centralize torrents, and restrict access to the 18+ crowd.
Bitcoin is what it is folks, the protocol is not going to go through any radical changes... it's just too late.
If you think something drastically different is needed instead, your only option is to build that new, better Bitcoin 2.0 and let the "inferior" one wither away due to all its supposed flaws.
And you might not want to delay in getting the competing blockchain to market....