Doesn't difficulty always change with a fixed frequency?
Not sure what this is referring to, but difficulty changes every 2016 blocks. The time this takes depends on the ratio between mining rate and difficulty.
Btw, is there the risk of some "resonance" building up, where more and more people will mines during easy cycles, making difficulty increaae, then stop mining during hard cycles, making difficulty decrease?
In theory yes. I don't think this will be a problem in practice. People who have already invested in the hardware will not stop mining even after a significant increase, and people who haven't won't go on a shopping spree after a momentary decrease.
If this becomes a problem, the protocol can be patched to fix it. This is basically a control theory problem.