For a normal bet on the 1x2 market (and pretty much every market unless explicitly stated), it would be the result after 90 minutes plus injury time that decides your bet outcome. It does not include the 30 minutes of added time or penalties, as a draw would be impossible if it included penalties.
If you wanted your bet to include extra time (but not penalties), I don't think there is a market for that. However, if you wanted it to include extra time + penalties, you can bet on a team "To Qualify/To Advance" which would give you exactly that.
That's correct but there are also markets where you decide on 1x2 and there is no tie. Since there will be elimination games the games will be decided on the winner for sure and there will be no ties at all. Think of NBA games where there are no ties at all, we have someone winning for sure without a possibility of a tie game. However we have seen many many games go to OT right? The game ends in a tie and then it goes to OT and someone wins, we have seen that, and the winner is the winner for the bet.
Same goes for Euro as well, there are places (and I am sure there will be more) where tie is not an option for that bet if it is an elimination game, and you wager on one team and eventually one team is the winner, doesn't matter what the result is after 90 minutes, it could be 30+ extra or it could be penalties, as long as there is a winner, then there is no tie for that bet, that happens every world and euro cup in some places.